Masters of Fire: The Copper Age in the Holy Land
By A Mystery Man Writer
Last updated 08 Jul 2024
![Masters of Fire: The Copper Age in the Holy Land](https://www.famsf.org/storage/images/a1f4584e-b892-4148-724f-0bd42cc65aad/masters.jpg?crop=670,376,x0,y0&format=jpg&quality=80)
The Chalcolithic period (Copper-Stone Age, ca. 5500 – 3500 BC) was an era of great social and technological development. Long before the pyramids were built in Egypt and writing was introduced in Mesopotamia, people in the Southern Levant — dwelling in the lands that today include Israel, Jordan, and their surrounding areas — were the first in the region to create metallurgy, temples, elaborate textiles, cash crops for export, and stratified societies. As early as the fourth millennium BC they employed sophisticated methods of smelting, alloying, and casting to produce small copper objects as ornaments and simple tools. In villages ruled by chiefs, artisans sponsored by this powerful emerging elite developed specialized skills in agriculture, ritual, and the creation of remarkable objects made from stone, terracotta, ivory — and metals, thanks to newly invented metallurgical techniques that were the most advanced of their time in the entire Near East. Masters of Fire is the first exhibition in the United States devoted to the art of this formative period and features oddly shaped zoomorphic ossuaries, basalt stands with human faces, hoards of copper ritual objects, linen and wool textiles, carved ivory human figures, and other hauntingly beautiful objects that illustrate how the technical, social, and aesthetic developments of this period laid the groundwork for later cultural expansion. The exhibition examines four distinct regions, each with its own set of independent traditions: the Golan plateau, the north-central plain, the Beersheba Valley/northern Negev, and the Jordan Valley. Together, their collective production reveals the lives of the people who inhabited the ancient Near East in its early stages of cultural formation.
![Masters of Fire: The Copper Age in the Holy Land](https://www.themorgan.org/sites/default/files/images/exhibitions/online/023_MS_M_23_Golden_Gospels_fols_48v_49r.jpg)
The Golden Gospels of Henry VIII, J. Pierpont Morgan's Library: Building the Bookman's Paradise
![Masters of Fire: The Copper Age in the Holy Land](http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3sU2M5Rr5wY/U8HBzi0yyvI/AAAAAAAAC3k/QD-8ZwiK0vE/s1600/salon_style_bottom.jpg)
Tofu's Art Blog: July 2014
![Masters of Fire: The Copper Age in the Holy Land](https://genevaanderson.files.wordpress.com/2023/06/stemme-dyers-wife.jpg)
stemme-dyers-wife.jpg
![Masters of Fire: The Copper Age in the Holy Land](https://www.medievalware.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/greek-fire-skylitzes-scaled.jpeg)
The Mystery of Greek Fire: The Byzantine Medieval Flamethrower - Medieval Ware
![Masters of Fire: The Copper Age in the Holy Land](https://product-images.tcgplayer.com/273003.jpg)
Ancient Copper Dragon (Borderless) - Commander Legends: Battle for Baldur's Gate - Magic: The Gathering
![Masters of Fire: The Copper Age in the Holy Land](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/E2Z3ifGNtyk/maxresdefault.jpg)
Erica Weiner Jewelry: Handcrafted in New York
Depiction of battle of the Templars in Jerusalem on a marine plywood support, covered with a hand-chiseled, burnished copper plate and fixed with
![Masters of Fire: The Copper Age in the Holy Land](https://assets.holyart.it/images/BA002199/us/500/A/SN068014/CLOSEUP08_HD/h-4f065098/bas-relief-templar-battle-in-the-holy-land-copper-50x80-cm.jpg)
Bas-relief Templar battle in the Holy Land copper 50x80 cm
![Masters of Fire: The Copper Age in the Holy Land](https://img.texasmonthly.com/2023/05/masquerader-of-the-lost-ark.jpg?auto=compress&crop=faces&fit=fit&fm=jpg&h=0&ixlib=php-3.3.1&q=45&w=1250)
Masquerader of the Lost Ark – Texas Monthly
![Masters of Fire: The Copper Age in the Holy Land](https://www.imj.org.il/sites/default/files/Curatorial-Services-5.jpg)
שירותי אוצרות מוזיאון ישראל, ירושלים
![Masters of Fire: The Copper Age in the Holy Land](https://pup-assets.imgix.net/onix/images/9780691162867.jpg?fit=fill&fill=solid&fill-color=ffffff&w=1120&h=600)
Masters of Fire Princeton University Press
![Masters of Fire: The Copper Age in the Holy Land](https://d28hgpri8am2if.cloudfront.net/book_images/onix/cvr9781982129224/the-guns-of-john-moses-browning-9781982129224_hr.jpg)
The Guns of John Moses Browning, Book by Nathan Gorenstein, Official Publisher Page
![Masters of Fire: The Copper Age in the Holy Land](https://www.themorgan.org/sites/default/files/images/exhibitions/online/055_L2021_23_4_Athenian_Acropolis_AVE_MMW_5420116_15_007_004_Avery_Architectural_Fine_Arts_Library_Columbia_University.jpg)
Inspired by the Ancients, J. Pierpont Morgan's Library: Building the Bookman's Paradise
![Masters of Fire: The Copper Age in the Holy Land](https://www.science.org/do/10.1126/article.71632/abs/sn-fire_0.jpg)
Israeli cave offers clues about when humans mastered fire, Science
![Masters of Fire: The Copper Age in the Holy Land](https://cdn.openpublishing.com/grin-paper/286483_0.jpg)
The Fief of Tibnin (Toron) and its Castle in the Age of the Crusades AD (1105-1266 AH 498- 664) - GRIN
![Masters of Fire: The Copper Age in the Holy Land](https://smarthistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/mid_00190432_001.jpg)
The Sack of Rome in 1527
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